What is ecosystem? Types of ecosystem and UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
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| What is ecosystem? Types, degradation issues, conservation and UN Decade ecosystem restoration |
What is ecosystem? Types of ecosystem and UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
Here you will get the answer of What
is the ecosystem? What are the types of ecosystem, What is the structure
of the ecosystem, What is the pyramid of the ecosystem? What
are the components of the ecosystem? What are the parts of the biotic
and abiotic ecosystem, what is the food chain? What is the terrestrial
ecosystem and the marine ecosystem, what is ecosystem restoration, what
are the problems of ecosystem degradation and What is the United Nations Decade for
ecosystem restoration? and much more.
What is Ecosystem?
Ecosystem is the interrelation and interaction of
living species with their non-living environment in a specified habitat.
What are the types of Ecosystem?
The ecosystem is mainly of two
types
1. Terrestrial ecosystem i.e. life
on land
2. Aquatic ecosystem i.e. life
in water
Terrestrial Ecosystem:
Based on geological areas /
environment, the terrestrial ecosystem is again divided into different categories.
a) Forest ecosystem
b) Grassland ecosystem
c) Tundra ecosystem
d) Desert ecosystem
Aquatic Ecosystem:
The aquatic ecosystem is again
divided into different categories based on geological areas / environment.
a. Fresh water ecosystem
b. Marine water ecosystem
What is structure of ecosystem?
Ecosystem structure is a
description of the prevailing climatic conditions, physical characteristics of
the environment, types of species, their interrelationships and their
interaction through the organization of biotic and abiotic components in a
particular habitat.
What are the components of ecosystem structure?
The structure of an ecosystem
is divided into two components, but they are interrelated and interacted with
each other’s.
1. Biotic: This component of ecosystem is referring to all living organism
and again subdivided into three categories as Producer (Autotrophs), Consumer
(Heterotrophs) and Decomposers (Saprotrophs)
a. Autotrophs or Producer: It includes primary producer such as plants as they produce
their food through photosynthesis by utilizing direct energy from sun.
b. Heterotrophs or Consumer: It includes organisms who are depends on other organism for food
and further categories into four classes
b-1. Primary consumer:
Herbivores that depends on plants for energy/food
b-2. Secondary consumer:
Carnivore or omnivore depends on plants or other organism for energy/food
b-3. Tertiary consumer:
Carnivore or omnivore but depends on secondary consumers for food
b-4. Quaternary consumer: They
are depends on tertiary consumers and at top of the food chain as they have no
natural predators.
c. Decomposers or Saprotrophs: It includes microorganism such as bacteria and fungi.
2. Abiotic: This component is referring to non-living part of ecosystem such
as atmosphere which includes soil, air, water, soil, minerals, sunlight,
temperature, nutrient, magnetism, wind, climate, rain, heat, altitude,
turbidity, snow, etc.
What is food chain?
It is a circular flow of energy
from producer to consumers, from consumer to decomposers and then from
decomposers to primary consumers to continue the cycle.
What is ecological pyramid?
It is a graphical
representation of energy, biomass, and producer-to-consumer numbers for a specific
ecosystem. Pyramids are shapes keeping the producers at the base followed by
the primary and secondary consumers and the tertiary consumers or sometimes the
quaternary consumers are represented at the top.
What is Ecological Restoration?
Ecological
restoration is a process of assisting in the restoration of
ecosystems that have been damaged / degraded or destroyed.
Ecosystem
restoration is a process of reversing ecosystem degradation
to regain its ecological functionality. To understand it better, we can say
that ecosystem restoration is an effort by human beings to improve the
productivity and capacity of the ecosystem to also meet the needs of society
and nature. This can be done by planting trees, preventing pollution,
preserving and protecting the environment, allowing natural regeneration of
overexploited ecosystems, etc.
Restoring
ecosystems is essential to achieve sustainable development
goals, primarily those related to climate change, biodiversity conservation,
food security, poverty eradication and water supply.
What are the problems of ecosystem degradation?
The
UN has identified some key issues related to ecosystem degradation,
such as terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Degradation of ecosystems harms the
well-being of 3.2 billion people and costs about 10% of gross global product annually
in loss of species and ecosystem services.
It
has been observed that key ecosystems that provide many essential services for
food and agriculture, including the supply of fresh water and the provision of
habitats for species such as fish and pollinators, are rapidly declining.
Some
ecosystem degradation problems, such as erosion, depletion and pollution, are
linked to fertility losses, which are responsible for the decrease of about 20%
of the planet's vegetated area, which shows low productivity trends in all
parts of the planet/ the world.
It
is predicted that by 2050, ecosystem degradation and climate change could
reduce crop yields by 10% globally and up to 50% in some regions.
The
study reveals that more than 2 billion hectares of deforested land and degraded
landscapes around the world have restoration potential and if we restore at
least 350 million hectares of degraded land by 2030, this could generate 9
trillions of dollars in ecosystem services and take an additional amount of
13-26 gig tons of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.
What is UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration?
For
the year 2021-2030, the United Nations Decade for Ecosystem Restoration was
conceived as a way to highlight the need for much greater global cooperation to
restore degraded and destroyed ecosystems, contributing to efforts to combat
against climate change and safeguarding biodiversity, food security and fresh
water supply.
Restoration
could remove up to 26 gigatonnes of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and
the Decade will accelerate existing goals of restoring 350 million hectares of
degraded ecosystems by 2030.
Currently,
around 57 countries, subnational governments and private organizations have
pledged to restore more than 170 million hectares of degraded land.
Summary:
Hope you got all the answers of what
is the ecosystem? What are the types of ecosystem, what is the structure
of the ecosystem, What is the pyramid of the ecosystem? What
are the components of the ecosystem? What is the food chain? What
is ecosystem restoration, what are the problems of ecosystem degradation
and what the UN Decade for ecosystem
restoration is.
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